The significance of moral conflicts that emerge during traumatic events and their influence on posttraumatic stress (PTS) and related symptoms are increasingly recognised. However, characteristics of the memories of these conflicts and how central these memories are within autobiographical memory remain largely unclear. In this study, students recalling trauma memories with a moral conflict were compared to students whose trauma memories did not include a moral conflict, in terms of the event-centrality of the trauma memory, memory characteristics, current emotional distress, and PTS.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in later life poses a substantial burden on public health and social care systems.
However, research in this population remains scarce. In this Personal View, we review the current state of research on PTSD and ageing, as presented by the On Traumatic Stress and Ageing: A Global Network task force, part of the
Global Collaboration on Traumatic Stress. Evidence-based knowledge on PTSD in older (aged 60 years or older) trauma survivors was synthesised across four clinical domains: ageing mechanisms, assessment, treatment, and care.

Spirituality has been shown to support well-being and resilience. Numerous studies found that those who integrate spirituality into their lives tend to exhibit higher self-esteem and self-efficacy, along with experiencing positive emotions such as hope and forgiveness. Additionally, spirituality has been shown to improve pain tolerance, reduce anxiety, and foster more positive moods, enhancing resilience against both physical and psychological distress. These findings underline the importance of supporting the spiritual needs of grieving or suffering individuals.

In the context of Central and Eastern Europe, the legacy of the Holocaust is still very much alive. The post-war silence on the impact of the Holocaust and the persistent stigmatization of Jews during the communistic era has affected coping within the intergenerational chain of Holocaust trauma. Sharing the Hungarian, Polish, Slovak and Czech experiences together shows both similarities (such as the conspiracy of silence) and differences (societal milieu, relation to Jewish population) in addition to original attempts at coping and treatment for the traumatic impact of the Holocaust.